Article content
Statistics show that the number of people suffering from thyroid disease continues to rise. This trend cannot be explained solely by advances in diagnostic methods; lifestyle and environmental factors also play a significant role. What are the main causes of thyroid problems?
Excessive iodine intake
Iodine is a key element for proper thyroid function, yet its excessive intake can be as harmful as its deficiency. In some countries where there has been massive iodization of salt, the incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases has increased, for example Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves–Basedow disease. Thus, the correct level of iodine is essential for thyroid health.
Smoking and its effect on the thyroid
Smoking has many negative effects on health and one of them is damage to the thyroid. Nicotine and other toxic substances contained in cigarettes can:
-
promote enlargement of the thyroid,
-
increase the risk of inflammations,
-
worsen the course of autoimmune diseases.
In patients with Graves’ disease, moreover, smoking increases the risk of eye complications, which can lead to serious vision problems.
Stress as a trigger for thyroid diseases
Long-term stress can be one of the main factors affecting thyroid health. The body produces stress hormones under stress, which can trigger autoimmune reactions and increase the body’s inflammatory response. Chronic stress therefore can contribute to the development of conditions such as hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s disease.
Infections and their impact on the thyroid
Some viral and bacterial infections can directly affect thyroid health. The most common infectious triggers include:
-
Epstein–Barr virus,
-
human herpesvirus,
-
Coxsackie viruses,
-
the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica (may increase the risk of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis up to 14 times).
These infections can cause acute and chronic inflammations of the thyroid and in some cases trigger autoimmune processes.
Chemical substances and toxic compounds
Modern lifestyle exposes us to harmful chemical substances that can negatively affect hormonal balance. The biggest risks include:
-
pesticides,
-
bisphenol A (BPA) found in plastics,
-
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB),
-
toxic combustion products.
These substances disrupt the function of the endocrine system and can lead to thyroid disorders.
How to protect thyroid health?
To minimize the risk of thyroid disease, it is important to:
-
maintain a balanced iodine intake,
-
avoid smoking,
-
reduce stress through relaxation and physical activity,
-
protect against infections by strengthening immunity,
-
limit contact with toxic chemicals.
The thyroid plays a key role in regulating metabolism and overall health. Therefore it is important to take care of its health and avoid factors that can lead to its damage.
